Vulnerabilities in the South African Dry Bean Industry

The dry bean industry in South Africa faces multifaceted vulnerabilities, influenced by various factors.

Market Dynamics and Impact

The market for dry beans, encompassing both seed and grain, is dominated by few players. This concentration makes the industry susceptible to significant impacts from individual market elements.

Specialisation of Dry Bean Farmers

Dry bean farming remains a specialized occupation in South Africa, characterized by expert knowledge and skill. Despite efforts in mechanization, the core of the industry continues to rely on specialized farming practices.

Slow Progress in Mechanization

Efforts to mechanize bean production have been ongoing, aimed at reducing risk factors for farmers. However, progress in both cultivar development and cultural practices necessary for mechanization has been slow.

Cultivation Insights and Practices

Importance of Planting and Seasonality

Planting dates play a crucial role in dry bean cultivation, particularly in warmer regions where high temperatures during flowering can adversely affect yields.

• North West: Optimal planting from December 20 to January 15.
• Limpopo: Optimal planting from late January to early March, dependent on frost occurrences.
• Highveld of Mpumalanga and eastern Free State: Optimal planting from mid-November to end of December.

Optimal Plant Population

Achieving a well-spaced and even plant population is essential for maximizing yields:

• Red Speckled Beans: Optimal population between 160,000 and 200,000 plants per hectare.
• Small White Canning Beans: Optimal population of 240,000 plants per hectare.

Soil Management and Fertilization

Successful cultivation hinges on soil analysis-based fertilization practices. Proper nutrient balance is critical:

• Nitrogen (N): 36 kg per ton of dry bean seed
• Phosphorus (P): 8 kg per ton
• Potassium (K): 18 kg per ton

Disease Management

Effective disease management is crucial, with diseases like Angular Leaf Spot, Rust, and Anthracnose posing significant threats. Choosing cultivars with disease resistance can reduce reliance on chemical controls.

Rotation and Crop Selection

Beans serve as an excellent rotational crop, particularly with maize and wheat. However, caution is advised when following crops like soybeans, sunflower, or potatoes due to potential disease carryover.

For further guidance on cash crops and cultivation practices, consulting with a seed specialist is recommended.

Source: SA Dry Beans Association